Bismut
83
Bi
Skupina
15
Perioda
6
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
83
83
126
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
83
Atomová hmotnost
208,9804
Hmotnostní číslo
209
Kategorie
Nepřechodné kovy
Barva
Šedá
Radioaktivní
Ne
From the German Weisse Masse, meaning white mass
Krystalografická soustava
Monoklinická prostorově centrovaná
Historie
Bismuth has been known since ancient times, so no one person is credited with its discovery.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Elektronová konfigurace
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Bismuth has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
9,78 g/cm3
Teplota tání
544,65 K | 271,5 °C | 520,7 °F
Teplota varu
1837,15 K | 1564 °C | 2847,2 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
10,9 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
160 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,122 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
2,5×10-6%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
7×10-8%
Číslo CAS
7440-69-9
PubChem CID číslo
5359367
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
156 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
148 pm
Elektronegativita
2,02 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
7,2856 eV
Molární objem
21,3 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,0797 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
-3, 3, 5
Aplikace
Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is used as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismut je považován za netoxický
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
-Nestabilní izotopy
184Bi, 185Bi, 186Bi, 187Bi, 188Bi, 189Bi, 190Bi, 191Bi, 192Bi, 193Bi, 194Bi, 195Bi, 196Bi, 197Bi, 198Bi, 199Bi, 200Bi, 201Bi, 202Bi, 203Bi, 204Bi, 205Bi, 206Bi, 207Bi, 208Bi, 209Bi, 210Bi, 211Bi, 212Bi, 213Bi, 214Bi, 215Bi, 216Bi, 217Bi, 218Bi