Thallium
81
Tl
Skupina
13
Perioda
6
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
81
81
123
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
81
Atomová hmotnost
204,3833
Hmotnostní číslo
204
Kategorie
Nepřechodné kovy
Barva
Stříbrná
Radioaktivní
Ne
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Krystalografická soustava
Hexagonální
Historie
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Elektronová konfigurace
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
11,85 g/cm3
Teplota tání
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Teplota varu
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
4,2 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
165 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,129 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,000053%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
5×10-8%
Číslo CAS
7440-28-0
PubChem CID číslo
5359464
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
170 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
145 pm
Elektronegativita
1,62 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
6,1082 eV
Molární objem
17,2 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,461 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
1, 3
Aplikace
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium a jeho sloučeniny jsou vysoce toxické
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
203Tl, 205TlNestabilní izotopy
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