Jod
53
I
Skupina
17
Perioda
5
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
53
53
74
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
53
Atomová hmotnost
126,90447
Hmotnostní číslo
127
Kategorie
Halogeny
Barva
Břidlicově šedá
Radioaktivní
Ne
From the Greek word iodes, violet
Krystalografická soustava
Orthorhombická prostorově centrovaná
Historie
Iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
He treated the liquor obtained from the extraction of kelp, with sulfuric acid to produce a vapour with a violet color.
In 1812, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac demonstrated that iodine was an element and its chemical relationship to chlorine.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Elektronová konfigurace
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Kelp was the main source of natural iodine in the 18th and 19th centuries
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
4,93 g/cm3
Teplota tání
386,85 K | 113,7 °C | 236,66 °F
Teplota varu
457,4 K | 184,25 °C | 363,65 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
7,76 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
20,9 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,214 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,000049%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
1×10-7%
Číslo CAS
7553-56-2
PubChem CID číslo
807
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
140 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
139 pm
Elektronegativita
2,66 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
10,4513 eV
Molární objem
25,74 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,00449 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
-1, 1, 3, 5, 7
Aplikace
Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
A solution containing potassium iodide and iodine in alcohol is used to disinfect external wounds.
Silver iodide is a major ingredient to traditional photographic film.
Iodine is added to table salt to prevent thyroid disease.
Elementární jod je toxický, pokud je pozřen
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
127INestabilní izotopy
108I, 109I, 110I, 111I, 112I, 113I, 114I, 115I, 116I, 117I, 118I, 119I, 120I, 121I, 122I, 123I, 124I, 125I, 126I, 128I, 129I, 130I, 131I, 132I, 133I, 134I, 135I, 136I, 137I, 138I, 139I, 140I, 141I, 142I, 143I, 144I