Gallium
31
Ga
Skupina
13
Perioda
4
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
31
31
39
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
31
Atomová hmotnost
69,723
Hmotnostní číslo
70
Kategorie
Nepřechodné kovy
Barva
Stříbrná
Radioaktivní
Ne
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Krystalografická soustava
Orthorhombická prostorově centrovaná
Historie
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 18, 3
Elektronová konfigurace
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
5,907 g/cm3
Teplota tání
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Teplota varu
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
5,59 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
256 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,371 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,0019%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
1×10-6%
Číslo CAS
7440-55-3
PubChem CID číslo
5360835
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
135 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
122 pm
Elektronegativita
1,81 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
5,9993 eV
Molární objem
11,8 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,406 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
1, 2, 3
Aplikace
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium je považováno za netoxické
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
69Ga, 71GaNestabilní izotopy
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga