Nikl
28
Ni
Skupina
10
Perioda
4
Blok
d
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
28
28
31
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
28
Atomová hmotnost
58,6934
Hmotnostní číslo
59
Kategorie
Přechodné kovy
Barva
Šedá
Radioaktivní
Ne
From the German word Nickel (Satan), and from kupfernickel, Old Nick's copper
Krystalografická soustava
Krychlová plošně centrovaná
Historie
Artifacts made from metallic meteorites have been found dating from as early as 5000 BC.
In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal.
In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel.
In 1751, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper from kupfernickel and instead produced the white metal.
In the early twentieth century, Ludwig Mond patented a process using nickel carbonyl to purify nickel.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 16, 2
Elektronová konfigurace
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
Nickel is 100 times more concentrated below Earth's crust than in it
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
8,912 g/cm3
Teplota tání
1728,15 K | 1455 °C | 2651 °F
Teplota varu
3186,15 K | 2913 °C | 5275,4 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
17,2 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
378 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,444 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,0089%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
0,006%
Číslo CAS
7440-02-0
PubChem CID číslo
935
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
124 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
124 pm
Elektronegativita
1,91 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
7,6398 eV
Molární objem
6,59 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,907 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikace
Nickel is used extensively to make coins and nickel steel for armor plates and burglar-proof vaults.
Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water.
Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets.
Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water.
Nickel is also used in batteries, ceramics and magnets.
Nickel and its compounds are considered to be carcinogenic
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
58Ni, 60Ni, 61Ni, 62Ni, 64NiNestabilní izotopy
48Ni, 49Ni, 50Ni, 51Ni, 52Ni, 53Ni, 54Ni, 55Ni, 56Ni, 57Ni, 59Ni, 63Ni, 65Ni, 66Ni, 67Ni, 68Ni, 69Ni, 70Ni, 71Ni, 72Ni, 73Ni, 74Ni, 75Ni, 76Ni, 77Ni, 78Ni