Skandium
21
Sc
Skupina
3
Perioda
4
Blok
d
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
21
21
24
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
21
Atomová hmotnost
44,955912
Hmotnostní číslo
45
Kategorie
Přechodné kovy
Barva
Stříbrná
Radioaktivní
Ne
Z latinského slova Scandia, skandinávie
Krystalografická soustava
Hexagonální
Historie
In 1879, Lars Fredrik Nilson and his team detected scandium in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite.
Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.
Per Teodor Cleve showed that scandium had properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleev for eka-boron.
Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer and his colleagues.
Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.
Per Teodor Cleve showed that scandium had properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleev for eka-boron.
Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer and his colleagues.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 9, 2
Elektronová konfigurace
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
The stable form of scandium is created in supernovas via the r-process
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
2,989 g/cm3
Teplota tání
1814,15 K | 1541 °C | 2805,8 °F
Teplota varu
3109,15 K | 2836 °C | 5136,8 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
16 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
318 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,568 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,0026%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
3×10-6%
Číslo CAS
7440-20-2
PubChem CID číslo
23952
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
162 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
170 pm
Elektronegativita
1,36 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
6,5615 eV
Molární objem
15,0 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,158 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
1, 2, 3
Aplikace
Scandium is used in sports equipment such as golf iron shafts, baseball bats, bicycle frames and fishing rods.
Scandium iodide, along with sodium iodide, when added to a modified form of mercury-vapor lamp, produces a form of metal halide lamp.
The radioactive isotope 46Sc is used in oil refineries as a tracing agent.
Scandium iodide, along with sodium iodide, when added to a modified form of mercury-vapor lamp, produces a form of metal halide lamp.
The radioactive isotope 46Sc is used in oil refineries as a tracing agent.
Scandium is considered to be of low toxicity
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
45ScNestabilní izotopy
36Sc, 37Sc, 38Sc, 39Sc, 40Sc, 41Sc, 42Sc, 43Sc, 44Sc, 46Sc, 47Sc, 48Sc, 49Sc, 50Sc, 51Sc, 52Sc, 53Sc, 54Sc, 55Sc, 56Sc, 57Sc, 58Sc, 59Sc, 60Sc