Vápník
20
Ca
Skupina
2
Perioda
4
Blok
s
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
20
20
20
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
20
Atomová hmotnost
40,078
Hmotnostní číslo
40
Kategorie
Kovy alkalických zemin
Barva
Stříbrná
Radioaktivní
Ne
Z latinského calx, limetka
Krystalografická soustava
Krychlová plošně centrovaná
Historie
Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 8, 2
Elektronová konfigurace
[Ar] 4s2
The shell of an egg is made up of primarily calcium carbonate
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
1,54 g/cm3
Teplota tání
1115,15 K | 842 °C | 1547,6 °F
Teplota varu
1757,15 K | 1484 °C | 2703,2 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
8,54 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
155 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,647 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
5%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
0,007%
Autorská práva obrázku: Wikimedia Commons (Matthias Zepper)
Pure calcium in a protective argon gas atmosphere
Číslo CAS
7440-70-2
PubChem CID číslo
5460341
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
197 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
176 pm
Elektronegativita
1,00 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
6,1132 eV
Molární objem
29,9 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
2,01 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
1, 2
Aplikace
Calcium is used to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon from alloys.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
Calcium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46CaNestabilní izotopy
34Ca, 35Ca, 36Ca, 37Ca, 38Ca, 39Ca, 41Ca, 45Ca, 47Ca, 48Ca, 49Ca, 50Ca, 51Ca, 52Ca, 53Ca, 54Ca, 55Ca, 56Ca, 57Ca