Hliník
13
Al
Skupina
13
Perioda
3
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
13
13
14
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
13
Atomová hmotnost
26,9815386
Hmotnostní číslo
27
Kategorie
Nepřechodné kovy
Barva
Stříbrná
Radioaktivní
Ne
Z latinského slova alumen, kamenec
Krystalografická soustava
Krychlová plošně centrovaná
Historie
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 3
Elektronová konfigurace
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Aluminum does not stick to magnets under normal conditions
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
2,698 g/cm3
Teplota tání
933,47 K | 660,32 °C | 1220,58 °F
Teplota varu
2792,15 K | 2519 °C | 4566,2 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
10,7 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
293 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,897 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
8,1%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
0,005%
Číslo CAS
7429-90-5
PubChem CID číslo
5359268
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
143 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
121 pm
Elektronegativita
1,61 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
5,9858 eV
Molární objem
9,98 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
2,37 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
1, 3
Aplikace
Aluminum is used in an extensive range of products from drinks cans to window frames and boats to aircraft.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
Aluminum is not known to be toxic
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
27AlNestabilní izotopy
21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al