Holmium
67
Ho
Skupina
n/a
Perioda
6
Blok
f
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
67
67
98
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
67
Atomová hmotnost
164,93032
Hmotnostní číslo
165
Kategorie
Lanthanoidy
Barva
Stříbrná
Radioaktivní
Ne
From the Latin word Holmia meaning Stockholm
Krystalografická soustava
Hexagonální
Historie
Holmium was discovered by Swiss chemists Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878.
They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element.
Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.
They noticed the aberrant spectrographic absorption bands of the then-unknown element.
Later in 1878, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element while he was working on erbia earth.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
Elektronová konfigurace
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any naturally occurring element
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
8,795 g/cm3
Teplota tání
1734,15 K | 1461 °C | 2661,8 °F
Teplota varu
2993,15 K | 2720 °C | 4928 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
17 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
265 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,165 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,00012%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
5×10-8%
Číslo CAS
7440-60-0
PubChem CID číslo
23988
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
176 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
192 pm
Elektronegativita
1,23 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
6,0215 eV
Molární objem
18,7 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,162 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
3
Aplikace
Holmium is used to create the strongest artificially generated magnetic fields, when placed within high-strength magnets as a magnetic pole piece.
It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.
Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
It is one of the colorants used for cubic zirconia and glass, providing yellow or red coloring.
Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
Holmium is considered to be of low toxicity
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
165HoNestabilní izotopy
140Ho, 141Ho, 142Ho, 143Ho, 144Ho, 145Ho, 146Ho, 147Ho, 148Ho, 149Ho, 150Ho, 151Ho, 152Ho, 153Ho, 154Ho, 155Ho, 156Ho, 157Ho, 158Ho, 159Ho, 160Ho, 161Ho, 162Ho, 163Ho, 164Ho, 166Ho, 167Ho, 168Ho, 169Ho, 170Ho, 171Ho, 172Ho, 173Ho, 174Ho, 175Ho