Uhlík
6
C
Skupina
14
Perioda
2
Blok
p
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
6
6
6
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
6
Atomová hmotnost
12,0107
Hmotnostní číslo
12
Kategorie
Ostatní nekovy
Barva
Černá
Radioaktivní
Ne
Z latinského slova carbo, uhlík
Krystalografická soustava
Hexagonální
Historie
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 4
Elektronová konfigurace
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
2,267 g/cm3
Teplota tání
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Teplota varu
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
105 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
715 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,709 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,18%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
0,5%
Číslo CAS
7440-44-0
PubChem CID číslo
5462310
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
67 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
77 pm
Elektronegativita
2,55 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
11,2603 eV
Molární objem
5,31 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
1,29 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikace
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
12C, 13CNestabilní izotopy
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C