Baryum
56
Ba
Skupina
2
Perioda
6
Blok
s
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
56
56
81
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
56
Atomová hmotnost
137,327
Hmotnostní číslo
137
Kategorie
Kovy alkalických zemin
Barva
Stříbrná
Radioaktivní
Ne
From the Greek word barys, heavy
Krystalografická soustava
Kubická prostorově centrovaná
Historie
Barium was identified as a new element in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808, by Sir Humphry Davy in England.
Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen obtained pure barium by electrolysis of a molten mixture of barium chloride and ammonium chloride.
Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808, by Sir Humphry Davy in England.
Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen obtained pure barium by electrolysis of a molten mixture of barium chloride and ammonium chloride.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
Elektronová konfigurace
[Xe] 6s2
At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
3,594 g/cm3
Teplota tání
1000,15 K | 727 °C | 1340,6 °F
Teplota varu
2170,15 K | 1897 °C | 3446,6 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
8 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
140 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,204 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,034%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
1×10-6%
Číslo CAS
7440-39-3
PubChem CID číslo
5355457
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
222 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
215 pm
Elektronegativita
0,89 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
5,2117 eV
Molární objem
39,24 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,184 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
2
Aplikace
Barium is used as a flashed getter in vacuum tubes to remove the last traces of gases.
It is often used in barium-nickel alloys for spark plug wire.
Barium sulfate is important to the petroleum industry as a drilling fluid in oil and gas wells.
Barium is also used in medicine to detect abnormalities in the digestive system.
It is often used in barium-nickel alloys for spark plug wire.
Barium sulfate is important to the petroleum industry as a drilling fluid in oil and gas wells.
Barium is also used in medicine to detect abnormalities in the digestive system.
Rozpustné sloučeniny Baria ve vodě jsou jedovaté
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
130Ba, 132Ba, 134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba, 138BaNestabilní izotopy
114Ba, 115Ba, 116Ba, 117Ba, 118Ba, 119Ba, 120Ba, 121Ba, 122Ba, 123Ba, 124Ba, 125Ba, 126Ba, 127Ba, 128Ba, 129Ba, 131Ba, 133Ba, 139Ba, 140Ba, 141Ba, 142Ba, 143Ba, 144Ba, 145Ba, 146Ba, 147Ba, 148Ba, 149Ba, 150Ba, 151Ba, 152Ba, 153Ba