Niob
41
Nb
Skupina
5
Perioda
5
Blok
d
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
41
41
52
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
41
Atomová hmotnost
92,90638
Hmotnostní číslo
93
Kategorie
Přechodné kovy
Barva
Šedá
Radioaktivní
Ne
Named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalu
Krystalografická soustava
Kubická prostorově centrovaná
Historie
Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Elektronová konfigurace
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Brazil is the leading producer of niobium
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
8,57 g/cm3
Teplota tání
2750,15 K | 2477 °C | 4490,6 °F
Teplota varu
5017,15 K | 4744 °C | 8571,2 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
26,8 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
690 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
0,265 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,0017%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
2×10-7%
Číslo CAS
7440-03-1
PubChem CID číslo
23936
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
146 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
164 pm
Elektronegativita
1,6 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
6,7589 eV
Molární objem
10,87 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
0,537 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Aplikace
Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Některé sloučeniny Niobu jsou vysoce toxické
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
93NbNestabilní izotopy
81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb