Beryllium
4
Be
Skupina
2
Perioda
2
Blok
s
Protony
Elektrony
Neutrony
4
4
5
Hlavní vlastnosti
Atomové číslo
4
Atomová hmotnost
9,012182
Hmotnostní číslo
9
Kategorie
Kovy alkalických zemin
Barva
Břidlicově šedá
Radioaktivní
Ne
Z řeckého slova beryllos, beryl
Krystalografická soustava
Hexagonální
Historie
Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin discovered beryllium in the oxide form in both beryl and emeralds in 1798.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Elektronů v obalu
2, 2
Elektronová konfigurace
[He] 2s2
Emerald is a naturally occurring compound of beryllium
Fyzické vlastnosti
Skupenství
Pevná
Hustota
1,85 g/cm3
Teplota tání
1560,15 K | 1287 °C | 2348,6 °F
Teplota varu
2742,15 K | 2469 °C | 4476,2 °F
Skupenské teplo tání
7,95 kJ/mol
Skupenské teplo varu
297 kJ/mol
Měrná tepelná kapacita
1,825 J/g·K
Hojnost v zemské kůře
0,00019%
Hojnost ve vesmíru
1×10-7%
Číslo CAS
7440-41-7
PubChem CID číslo
5460467
Atomové vlastnosti
Atomový poloměr
112 pm
Kovalentní poloměr
96 pm
Elektronegativita
1,57 (Paulingova stupnice)
Ionizační potenciál
9,3227 eV
Molární objem
4,9 cm3/mol
Tepelná vodivost
2,01 W/cm·K
Oxidační čísla
1, 2
Aplikace
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care
Izotopy
Stabilní izotopy
9BeNestabilní izotopy
5Be, 6Be, 7Be, 8Be, 10Be, 11Be, 12Be, 13Be, 14Be, 15Be, 16Be